Recognising lung cancer

It’s important to know the risk factors and symptoms so that any concerns can be quickly investigated, as earlier detection means that treatment is more likely to be successful.

Common risk factors for lung cancer

Smoking tobacco is the most common cause of most lung cancers (accounting for 70% of cases in the UK), and the biggest risk factor. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes and chewing tobacco. People who do not smoke can still develop lung cancer, but their risk is much lower. Lung cancer is also more common in older people.

If someone stops smoking, their risk of developing lung cancer reduces over time. After about 15 years it is almost the same as a non-smoker.

Other causes or risk factors include:

• Exposure to radon gas
• Exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace such as asbestos
• A family history of lung cancer
• Certain treatments for other types of cancer

Common symptoms of lung cancer

• Having a new cough for three weeks or more, or a cough most of the time
• Getting out of breath doing the things you used to do without a problem
• Coughing up phlegm (sputum) with blood in it
• An ache or pain in the chest or shoulder
• Recurring chest infections, or a chest infection that doesn't get better
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling tired all the time (fatigue)
• Unexplained weight loss

Source: Cancer Research UK

Lung cancer does not always present with symptoms in its early stages. Many of the signs and symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions, but finding lung cancer early can result in a better chance for treatment to work.

If you notice any symptoms or changes that you’re at all concerned about, get checked by your GP as soon as possible.